Evaluation of Prescribing in Geriatric Outpatients Based on the 2023 Beers Criteria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56727/bsm.v11i2.169Keywords:
Geriatrics, 2023 Beers Criteria, Potentially Inappropriate Medications, prescribing, outpatientAbstract
Complex medical problems in geriatric patients often lead to polypharmacy, which is a predisposing factor for Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIMs). The Beers Criteria are one method for identifying and preventing PIMs. This study aimed to evaluate prescriptions for geriatric patients in terms of administrative and pharmaceutical aspects, and based on the 2023 Beers Criteria at the outpatient department of PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital, Yogyakarta. This descriptive observational study used retrospective data from prescriptions for geriatric patients (aged ≥65 years) in February 2025. Of 21.000 prescriptions, 100 were selected as the sample using the Slovin formula and purposive sampling. The prescriptions were screened for administrative and pharmaceutical aspects and against the 2023 Beers Criteria, then analyzed descriptively and presented as percentages. Most patients were male (53%) and aged 65–69 years (51%); 47% received five or more medications. Administrative and pharmaceutical completeness of the prescriptions reached 100%. Evaluation based on the Beers Criteria showed that 70% of prescription contained potential PIMs. A total of 120 PIM occurrences were identified. The most common category was medications to avoid in most older adults (58,3%), followed by medications to avoid in specific diseases or conditions (21.7%), medications to be used with caution (18.3%), and drug–drug interactions (1.7%). The most frequently identified medications were pioglitazone, sulfonylureas, lansoprazole, and furosemide. Although administrative and pharmaceutical completeness of the prescriptions was excellent, potentially inappropriate medication were still found in most patiens. Therefore, medication review by pharmacist and regular therapy monitoring are needed.
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