The Prospects of Endophytic Fungi as Antioxidant and Antibacterial Agents: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56727/bsm.v11i2.166Keywords:
Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Biotechnology, Endophytic fungi, Secondary metabolitesAbstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics and rising health issues caused by free radicals have driven the search for new sources of bioactive compounds from natural materials. Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that inhabit plant tissues without harming the host plant and possess the potential to produce antibacterial and antioxidant compounds. This literature review aims to examine the potential of endophytic fungi as sources of antibacterial and antioxidant agents, as well as their prospects for application in biotechnology. The study was conducted by reviewing scientific articles published between 2018 and 2025. The findings indicate that various genera of endophytic fungi produce secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, terpenoids, and steroids- that exhibit antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Most studies report that extracts from endophytic fungi are capable of inhibiting both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and demonstrate antioxidant activity ranging from moderate to very strong. These activities are influenced by the fungal species, host plant, fermentation conditions, extraction methods, and secondary metabolite content. Thus, endophytic fungi hold potential for development as sources of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds, although further research is required to support their widespread application.
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